2025年高考小議英漢翻譯時(shí)的對應問(wèn)題
來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò )整理 2024-11-12 14:23:31
英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)一般都有對應的語(yǔ)匯或習語(yǔ),然而在處理具體問(wèn)題時(shí),常常不能完全對應。
比如漢語(yǔ)習慣稱(chēng)亞洲“四小龍”,英語(yǔ)雖然可譯成the Asian “four dragons”,但西方人大都叫the Asian “four tigers”或“four tigers” in Asia,因為在西方人的眼里,dragon是一種類(lèi)似鱷魚(yú)或蛇、長(cháng)有翅膀而且會(huì )噴火、常?词刂(zhù)金銀財寶的怪物。
單個(gè)詞尚且如此,成語(yǔ)和諺語(yǔ)就更難對應了,有時(shí)甚至連原文的蹤跡都沒(méi)有了,如 “Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs”,如果按照字面直譯成“不要教你的奶奶磕雞蛋”,讓人看了會(huì )莫名其妙。要是意譯為“不要班門(mén)弄斧”,就既表達了原意,也符合漢語(yǔ)習慣。
和漢語(yǔ)一樣,英語(yǔ)的成語(yǔ)也很多,但其中大部分都很難對譯成漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ),這時(shí)一般采取意譯。如:
1.Like talking to a brick wall(對牛彈琴,瞎子點(diǎn)燈白費蠟),意為to waste one's breath trying to persuade someone who is so obstinate to listen to reason;例句:“He is so dogmatic; it's like talking to a brick wall arguing with him.”
2.To make bricks without straw(巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊),意為to try to achieve some result with inadequate means;例句:We were unable to give you an opinion because you didn't give us the information we needed. We can't make bricks without straw.
3.The rotten apple(害群之馬,敗家之子)意為the one bad person among a number of good ones;例句:His youngest son was the rotten apple.
4.To pay back in the same coin, to pay sb. back in his own coin, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,(以眼還眼,以牙還牙,以其人之道還治其人之身)意為to retaliate by using the same method;例句:Jukes has attacked us in his advertisement overseas; we will pay him back in the same coin.
5.To have a heart of gold(有一副菩薩心腸)意為to be a kind, generous, forgiving person whose qualities are much appreciated.
6.Walls have ears(隔墻有耳)意為You must be very careful what you say because someone may be eavesdropping.
有時(shí),英語(yǔ)中也會(huì )出現包含著(zhù)形象、比喻、擬人等手法的長(cháng)句,在漢語(yǔ)中很難找到對應的語(yǔ)匯,這時(shí)只能根據上下文的意思,或整篇文章的中心思想,在不損失、沖淡甚至歪曲原意的基礎上進(jìn)行適當處理。請看以下例子: CED Finklestein: He needs to pull a rabbit out of his hat. 總經(jīng)理芬克斯泰因:他需要拿出一個(gè)絕招來(lái)(直譯:他需要從自己的帽子里抓出一只兔子來(lái))。
在漢譯英時(shí)同樣應注意這一點(diǎn)。1992年北京國際拍賣(mài)會(huì )手冊上有一位領(lǐng)導人的題詞是:一錘定音,雙方買(mǎi)賣(mài)即成。我的譯文是:A hammer gives the final word, and a deal is concluded between the buyer and seller.“一錘定音”幾個(gè)字很形象,但比較難處理。拍賣(mài)的實(shí)際操作是由拍賣(mài)主錘師用木錘敲桌梆的形式來(lái)決定交易,而不是“成交”之類(lèi)的話(huà)語(yǔ)。因此同時(shí)采用了直譯和意譯兩種手法,即:一(A hammer)、雙方買(mǎi)賣(mài)即成交(a deal is concluded between the buyer and seller)和定音(gives the final word)。這里用“final word”(或final say)指“拍板”,“敲定”,即決定下來(lái),這樣處理既忠實(shí)原文又生動(dòng)貼切。如果完全直譯成“A hammer decides (sets) the tune…”讀者可能以為是樂(lè )隊指揮真的在那里定音呢。
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英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)一般都有對應的語(yǔ)匯或習語(yǔ),然而在處理具體問(wèn)題時(shí),常常不能完全對應。
比如漢語(yǔ)習慣稱(chēng)亞洲“四小龍”,英語(yǔ)雖然可譯成the Asian “four dragons”,但西方人大都叫the Asian “four tigers”或“four tigers” in Asia,因為在西方人的眼里,dragon是一種類(lèi)似鱷魚(yú)或蛇、長(cháng)有翅膀而且會(huì )噴火、常?词刂(zhù)金銀財寶的怪物。
單個(gè)詞尚且如此,成語(yǔ)和諺語(yǔ)就更難對應了,有時(shí)甚至連原文的蹤跡都沒(méi)有了,如 “Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs”,如果按照字面直譯成“不要教你的奶奶磕雞蛋”,讓人看了會(huì )莫名其妙。要是意譯為“不要班門(mén)弄斧”,就既表達了原意,也符合漢語(yǔ)習慣。
和漢語(yǔ)一樣,英語(yǔ)的成語(yǔ)也很多,但其中大部分都很難對譯成漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ),這時(shí)一般采取意譯。如:
1.Like talking to a brick wall(對牛彈琴,瞎子點(diǎn)燈白費蠟),意為to waste one's breath trying to persuade someone who is so obstinate to listen to reason;例句:“He is so dogmatic; it's like talking to a brick wall arguing with him.”
2.To make bricks without straw(巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊),意為to try to achieve some result with inadequate means;例句:We were unable to give you an opinion because you didn't give us the information we needed. We can't make bricks without straw.
3.The rotten apple(害群之馬,敗家之子)意為the one bad person among a number of good ones;例句:His youngest son was the rotten apple.
4.To pay back in the same coin, to pay sb. back in his own coin, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,(以眼還眼,以牙還牙,以其人之道還治其人之身)意為to retaliate by using the same method;例句:Jukes has attacked us in his advertisement overseas; we will pay him back in the same coin.
5.To have a heart of gold(有一副菩薩心腸)意為to be a kind, generous, forgiving person whose qualities are much appreciated.
6.Walls have ears(隔墻有耳)意為You must be very careful what you say because someone may be eavesdropping.
有時(shí),英語(yǔ)中也會(huì )出現包含著(zhù)形象、比喻、擬人等手法的長(cháng)句,在漢語(yǔ)中很難找到對應的語(yǔ)匯,這時(shí)只能根據上下文的意思,或整篇文章的中心思想,在不損失、沖淡甚至歪曲原意的基礎上進(jìn)行適當處理。請看以下例子: CED Finklestein: He needs to pull a rabbit out of his hat. 總經(jīng)理芬克斯泰因:他需要拿出一個(gè)絕招來(lái)(直譯:他需要從自己的帽子里抓出一只兔子來(lái))。
在漢譯英時(shí)同樣應注意這一點(diǎn)。1992年北京國際拍賣(mài)會(huì )手冊上有一位領(lǐng)導人的題詞是:一錘定音,雙方買(mǎi)賣(mài)即成。我的譯文是:A hammer gives the final word, and a deal is concluded between the buyer and seller.“一錘定音”幾個(gè)字很形象,但比較難處理。拍賣(mài)的實(shí)際操作是由拍賣(mài)主錘師用木錘敲桌梆的形式來(lái)決定交易,而不是“成交”之類(lèi)的話(huà)語(yǔ)。因此同時(shí)采用了直譯和意譯兩種手法,即:一(A hammer)、雙方買(mǎi)賣(mài)即成交(a deal is concluded between the buyer and seller)和定音(gives the final word)。這里用“final word”(或final say)指“拍板”,“敲定”,即決定下來(lái),這樣處理既忠實(shí)原文又生動(dòng)貼切。如果完全直譯成“A hammer decides (sets) the tune…”讀者可能以為是樂(lè )隊指揮真的在那里定音呢。