高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)典型陷阱題分析-定語(yǔ)從句與強調句

　　典型高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題詳解-定語(yǔ)從句

　　1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains.

　　A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認為是其后句子的主語(yǔ)。

　　【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一個(gè)由“介詞+which”引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 high mountains，around which 是表語(yǔ)，所以句子謂語(yǔ)應用復數were，而不是用單數 was。請做以下類(lèi)例題目（答案均為C）：

　　(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops.

　　A. which is B. it is C. which are           D. them are

　　(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station.

　　A. which are B. it is C. which is           D. them are

　　(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.

　　A. which are B. it is C. which is            D. them are

　　2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

　　A. that  B. which C. where D. what

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語(yǔ)。

　　【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語(yǔ)法分析并不算錯，但問(wèn)題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒(méi)有這樣一個(gè)醫院，我在它的附近可以買(mǎi)藥治我的手傷？這樣的語(yǔ)境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因為人們通常是在醫院里面治傷，而不是在醫院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒(méi)有一家醫院，我可以去治我的手傷？

　　3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like.

　　A. that B. who C. as D. whom

　　【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項中的 that，便認為這是考查such … that …句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。

　　【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因為在such … that … (如此……以至……)結構中，that 引導的是結果狀語(yǔ)從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的動(dòng)詞 like 缺賓語(yǔ)。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導定語(yǔ)從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時(shí) as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語(yǔ)，句意為“所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩”。有的同學(xué)可能還會(huì )問(wèn)，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因為當先行詞受到 such 的修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句應用關(guān)系代詞 as 來(lái)引導，而不用that。比較下面一題，答案為A，因為 like 后有自己的賓語(yǔ) him：

　　David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him.

　　A. that B. who C. as D. whom

　　請再做以下試題（答案選D）：

　　It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.

　　A. like B. that C. which                   D. as

　　4. The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

　　A. that B. it C. them D. which

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses。

　　【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the buses。類(lèi)似地，以下各題也選D：

　　(1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.

　　A. that B. it C. them D. which

　　(2) Ashdown forest, through _________ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.

　　A. that B. it C. them D. which

　　(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _________ I sat reading the paper.

　　A. that B. it C. them D. which

　　類(lèi)似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：

　　(4) George, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.

　　A. that B. him C. them D. whom

　　(5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will come back home this summer.

　　A. that B. who C. them D. whom

　　(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _________ were still university students.

　　A. that B. who C. them D. whom

　　5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding.

　　A. whom B. them C. which  D. who

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨立主格結構，因為空格后的動(dòng)詞 invited 并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。當然，假若在 invited 前加上助動(dòng)詞 were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，答案便應選A。比較：

　　(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ carried out in their work.

　　A. which B. them C. what D. that

　　答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨立主格結構，其中的 carried out 為過(guò)去分詞。

　　(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work.

　　A. which B. them C. what D. that

　　答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞were。

　　(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________ were carried out in their work.

　　A. which B. them C. what D. that

　　答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個(gè)并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個(gè)并列句。

　　6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　【分析】最佳答案是A。與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨立主格結構，因為空格后的動(dòng)詞 seated 不是謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，因為 seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。比較以下相似題：

　　(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were seated together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選B。whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因為其后有完整的謂語(yǔ) were seated。

　　(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _________ parents were seated together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選A。因為句中有并列連詞and，整個(gè)句子為并列句。

　　(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選A。their parents sitting together joking 為獨立主格結構。

　　(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sat together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選B。whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因為句中有完整的謂語(yǔ) sat。

　　(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選B。whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因為句中有完整的謂語(yǔ) were sitting。

　　7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is.

　　A. as B. which C. what D. that

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號前是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，逗號后是該狀語(yǔ)從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語(yǔ)。類(lèi)似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：

　　(1) If you promise to go with us, _________ will be OK.

　　A. as B. which C. and it D. that

　　(2) If you want a double room, _________ will cost another ￡15.

　　A. as B. which C. what D. that

　　(3) Whether you go or not, _________ is quite all right with me.

　　A. that B. which C. and it D. so

　　(4) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.

　　A. as B. which C. what D. that

　　典型高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題詳解-強調句

　　1. “How was _________ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”

　　A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項均可能誤選。

　　【分析】答案選A，為強調句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式，其相應的陳述句形式為：

　　It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.

　　比較以下各題，它們也屬強調句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：

　　(1) Who was it _________ saved the drowning girl?

　　A. since                      B. as                             C. that                          D. he

　　答案選C，被強調成分為 who，該句實(shí)為類(lèi)似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 這類(lèi)強調句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式（即對其中的Tom 提問(wèn)而得）。

　　(2) What is it _________ his daughter needs most?

　　A. what                       B. which                       C. that                           D. if

　　答案選C，被強調成分為 what，該句實(shí)為類(lèi)似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 這類(lèi)強調句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式（即對其中的a bike 提問(wèn)而得）。

　　2. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall _________ the students often have a meeting.”

　　A. where B. which C. that D. when

　　【陷阱】很可能誤選C，認為這是一個(gè)強調句，強調地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) in the hall。

　　【分析】假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是“學(xué)生們通常是在大廳開(kāi)會(huì )”，單獨看這一句，無(wú)論是其意思還是其語(yǔ)法均未錯，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來(lái)看，則不通，因為上文的意思是“你是在哪兒找到昨天作報告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。

　　其實(shí)，此題的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意為“是在學(xué)生們經(jīng)常開(kāi)會(huì )的那個(gè)大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語(yǔ)意就通順了。

　　3. It was what he meant rather than what he said _________ annoyed me.

　　A. which B. as C. what D. that

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】此題為一個(gè)強調句型，空格處應填 that (即選D)，被強調成分為 what he meant rather than what he said。句意為“讓我生氣的不是他說(shuō)的話(huà)，而是他話(huà)中的意思”。請再看兩例：

　　(1) It was his nervousness in the interview _________ probably lost him the job.

　　A. which                       B. since                    C. that                       D. what

　　答案選C，為強調句型，被強調成分為 his nervousness in the interview，句意為“很可能是面試時(shí)表現出緊張，使他失去了這份工作”。

　　(2) It is the ability to do the job _________ matters not where you come from or what you are.

　　A. one                          B. that                       C. what                     D. it

　　答案選B，為強調句型，被強調成分為 the ability to do the job，句意為“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你來(lái)自何地或你是從事什么工作的”。

　　4. It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.

　　A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項均有可能誤選，主要是分不清為強調句型，或即使分清為強調句型，也分不清強調哪一個(gè)成分。

　　【分析】答案選A，第一空填 which，用以引導定語(yǔ)從句；第二空填that，為強調句的結構詞，被強調部分為 in the small house (以及修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句 which was built with stones by his father)。此題難就難在強調句型中套用了定語(yǔ)從句。請再看類(lèi)似例子：

　　(1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.

　　A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which

　　此題答案選C，全句為強調句，被強調成分是 the boy (以及修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句who had been in prison)。

　　(2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.

　　A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that

　　此題答案選C，全句為強調句，被強調成分是 in this room，where he was born 為修飾 the room 的定語(yǔ)從句。

　　5. “Was it under the tree _________ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.

　　A. that  B. where C. which D. while

　　【陷阱】此題很容易誤選A，認為這是強調句型。

　　【分析】其實(shí)此題應選D。做好此題的關(guān)鍵是正確理解上下文的語(yǔ)境。在此句中，it 是代詞，指代 the bike，句意為：“當你離開(kāi)去同朋友談話(huà)的時(shí)候，你的自行車(chē)是在這樹(shù)下嗎?”“當然，但當我回來(lái)時(shí)，自行車(chē)就不見(jiàn)了。”現在反過(guò)來(lái)分析一下，假若選A，將此句判為強調句，句子即為 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若進(jìn)一步轉換為非強調句，句子則為 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意顯然很荒唐。

　　6. It’s more than half a century _________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.

　　A. when B. that C. since D. while

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為這是強調句型。

　　【分析】假若選B，將此句分析為強調句，那么若將此句還原為非強調句就應該是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很顯然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段時(shí)間，然而它修飾的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 joined…became 卻是兩個(gè)終止性動(dòng)詞，這顯然不合適。其實(shí)，此題應選C，屬于“It is＋一段時(shí)間＋since 從句”句型，句意為“我爺爺加入黨組織成為人民的公仆已有半個(gè)多世紀了”。此句的主句謂語(yǔ)也可以用現在完成時(shí)態(tài)(has been)，但在口語(yǔ)中多用一般現在時(shí)代替。

　　7. It was lack of money, not of effort, _________ defeated their plan.

　　A. which B. as C. that D. what

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A，受空格前逗號的影響，誤認為這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從而誤選了A。

　　【分析】其實(shí)，此題最佳答案為C，整個(gè)句子為強調句，被強調成分為 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 這一結構，干擾了許多同學(xué)對 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 這一強調句的認識和理解。