高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作易錯的10個(gè)語(yǔ)法(2)
2021-05-10 10:47:12高考網(wǎng)整理
5、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
錯誤由于學(xué)生對非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概念不清楚，對不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的用法不明白，對句子結構分析不正確，常把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。學(xué)生不知道在英語(yǔ)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能有一個(gè)，如果有另外一個(gè)動(dòng)詞出現，這個(gè)動(dòng)詞有三種情況：一是并列謂語(yǔ)，但是這時(shí)候必須有連詞，如and, but等;二是出現在從句里面;三就是以分詞形式出現，現在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，還有不定式�，F在分詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過(guò)去區分詞有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的意義。例如：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正確的句子：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析：
a句中己有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞there are，用來(lái)修飾things，此句缺的是后置定語(yǔ)。b句look forward to是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，后面要接動(dòng)名詞。c句要用現在分詞作定語(yǔ)，跟所修飾的名詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，因此用“sleeping”，相當于 “the child who is sleeping"。
6、冠詞錯誤
學(xué)生在翻譯時(shí)常會(huì )忘了考慮冠詞，或者說(shuō)不重視冠詞這個(gè)問(wèn)題，常有多用或少用或錯用的弊病。
冠詞考查分兩個(gè)方面，一是冠詞的殘缺或多余，考生要注意關(guān)于含有冠詞(不含冠詞)的用法以及加冠詞與不加冠詞的區別，如：in charge of與in the charge of, out of question與out of the question的區別。二是冠詞the, a, an(不定冠詞和定冠詞)之間的相互誤用。
英漢名詞確有許多共同點(diǎn)，但是也有不少不同點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)名詞有可數與不可數之分，漢語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有，且一般情況下，名詞都可受到數量詞的限制。因此，英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather， information等少數常用不可數名詞時(shí)，學(xué)生往往會(huì )犯錯誤。
不過(guò)，在使用英語(yǔ)不可數名詞時(shí)，又會(huì )出現兩種情況，一種是絕不可以用a/an或數詞來(lái)直接修飾，如上述提及的幾個(gè)名詞：另一種情況是，少數不可數名詞在被形容詞等修飾后，可用a/an等來(lái)修飾。如time(時(shí)間)，rain(雨)。所以我們可以說(shuō)：We had a wonderful time yesterday. 例如：
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
正確的句子：
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
7、代詞的錯誤
代詞主要有人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、關(guān)系代詞、反身代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、復合疑問(wèn)代詞、指示代詞，要注意代詞的各人稱(chēng)之間和單復數之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞 which, that, as之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞that與疑問(wèn)代詞what之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞which與關(guān)系副詞when, where，以及what與how的誤用等。例如：
a. We do not like he.
b. If you like this books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from me.
d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
正確的句子：
a. We do not like him.
b. If you like these books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from mine.
d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
漢語(yǔ)里，人稱(chēng)代詞沒(méi)有主格、賓格和所有格之變，而英語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)代詞有主格、賓格和所有格之變，而且每格都具有其自身的用途，分別充當主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。尤其要注意的是，人稱(chēng)代詞充當介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要采用其賓格形式。
8、連詞的錯誤
連詞主要有兩類(lèi)，即并列連詞和從屬連詞，考查點(diǎn)主要是并列連詞(分遞進(jìn)式、轉折式、選擇式和因果式四種)之間的誤用(主要是but與so/and之間的誤用)，從屬連詞之間的誤用以及并列連詞與從屬連詞之間的誤用等。例如：
a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.
c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.
正確的句子：
a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.
c.1f you go this way，you will soon see the hospital.
9、名詞的錯誤
名詞主要考查單數名詞變復數名詞，這主要是受東西方文化差異的影響，英語(yǔ)中除了不可數名詞和單數名詞用單數外，可數名詞要用復數形式。另外還有一些特殊形式。例如：
a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regard to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subject.
正確的句子：
a. What beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regards to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subjects.
10、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞的錯誤
這類(lèi)錯誤有以下幾種情況：① 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);② 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞加“s”③ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞加“ing”④”will”后面的“be”動(dòng)詞用“am、“is”或“are ”;⑤助動(dòng)詞“do”后面的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);⑥。助動(dòng)詞“do”后面的動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數加“s";⑦ 助動(dòng)詞“do”后面的動(dòng)詞加“ing”等。例如：
a. I could did my homework.
b. He may goes to school by bike every day.
正確的句子：
a. I could do my homework.
b. He may go to school by bike every day.
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