高中英語(yǔ)短文改錯七口訣,考點(diǎn)方法全打盡!
2019-02-25 09:51:12三好網(wǎng)
英語(yǔ)短文改錯絕對不是一道難題,它所考查的語(yǔ)法和詞匯都是最基礎的。那為什么很多同學(xué)在這道題上拿不了高分甚至滿(mǎn)分呢?這是因為不了解出題意圖和角度的緣故。所謂”知己知彼,百戰不殆“,今天,小簡(jiǎn)老師就和大家來(lái)分享短文改錯到底考什么,通過(guò)以下口訣我們就一目了然了!
動(dòng)詞形,名詞數;
注意形和副;
非謂動(dòng)詞細辨別;
習慣用法要記;
句子成分多分析;
邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注。
接著(zhù),我們細細看來(lái)!
一. 動(dòng)詞形
主要包括兩類(lèi)錯誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如:
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (am)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類(lèi)錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹(shù)立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。
二. 名詞數
指名詞單、復數形式的用法錯誤。常表現為將名詞復數寫(xiě)成單數。例如:
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三. 區分形和副
區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的?键c(diǎn)。例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補語(yǔ)等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。
四. 非謂動(dòng)詞細辨別
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類(lèi)錯誤,也包括不定式類(lèi)錯誤。例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的,現在分詞有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義,而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來(lái)的含義。
五. 習慣用法要記住
主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的?键c(diǎn),其錯誤表現形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六. 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類(lèi);不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細致的分析,才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。例如:
They ∧ eager to know everything about China and…(were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were,這是受漢語(yǔ)習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類(lèi)與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語(yǔ)。
七. 邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱(chēng)謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類(lèi)錯誤的考查對象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開(kāi)始告訴別人,怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭端,“我們”把電視機賣(mài)了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書(shū)了,所以該用 everyone。
除了上述錯誤類(lèi)型外,?嫉腻e誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類(lèi)為邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)
下面是全國高考英語(yǔ)真題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣,F在試著(zhù)做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與解析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous
76. _____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____
Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____
climbed the mountain,we saw monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____
good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____
head touched the pillow.
【答案與解析】
76. famous前加上a.(名詞數)
77. 正確
78. we前面加when,引導一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(句子成分多分析)
79. them→us (邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注)
80. visiting→visited(非謂動(dòng)詞細辨別)
81. picture→pictures(名詞數)
82. passes→passed(動(dòng)詞形)
83. 去掉down(習慣用法要記。
84. and→but(邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注)
85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習慣用法要記。