分析經(jīng)典長(cháng)難句攻克高考英語(yǔ)閱讀
2016-03-04 09:23:23搜狐教育
1.For example, adolescent boys are morelikelyto buy computer games than any
other group, so it makes sense to make computer game adsthatappeal to this group.
【句式翻譯】例如,進(jìn)入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意購買(mǎi)電腦游戲,因此,針對這個(gè)目標群體制作有吸引力的電腦游戲廣告是有意義
【句式分析】本句是一個(gè)含有so引導的結果狀語(yǔ)從句的復合句,同時(shí)又含有一個(gè)than引導的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1)likely adj. 可能的;常用于句型:sb/sth be likely to do= it islikely that… 可能做……
He’s very likely tosend me an email tonight.
=It’s very likely thathe’llsend me an email tonight.
很可能他今晚會(huì )給我發(fā)電子郵件。
The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. =It’s likely thatthe company will set up a branch in our city.
這個(gè)公司可能要在我們的城市建立分公司。
2) make sense 有意義;講得通;make sense of 理解
I can’t follow these instructions -- they don’tmake sense.
我不理解這些指示--根本講不通嘛。
We read the sentence through, but could notmake sense ofit.
我們我們把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它說(shuō)些什么。
3) appeal to吸引;appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事;求助于
Blue and red appeal to me, but I don’t like gray or yellow.
我喜歡藍色和紅色, 而不喜歡灰色或黃色。
Jack sincerelyappealedtohis friends to support him.
杰克真切地向朋友請求支持。
We canappealtothe website for the information we need.
我們可以在網(wǎng)上查找我們需要的信息。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】本句中的than any other…,意為“比其他任何一個(gè)……”,所談?wù)摰膶ο笤诒容^的范圍之內;若不在范圍之內,則不用 other。如:
China islargerthan any other countryin Asia.
中國比亞洲任何別的國家都大。
China islargerthan any countryin Africa.
中國比非洲的任何國家都大。
2.The moreexposedyoung peopleare to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, themore likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults whomanagetheir finances confidently andeffectively.
【句式翻譯】年輕人越接觸經(jīng)濟問(wèn)題,他們就能越早地了解這些問(wèn)題,他們就更有可能成為有責任感的、早作打算的成年人,能夠有信心地、有效地管理自己的經(jīng)濟問(wèn)題。
【句式分析】本句含有“the+比較級,the+比較級”的句式,同時(shí)又含有一個(gè)who引導的限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞adults。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) expose vt.揭露;使暴露;be exposed to暴露于;接觸
We mustexposethisshameful activity to the newspapers.
我們一定要向報社揭露這一無(wú)恥行徑。
We should allow children tobeexposed tonew ideas.
我們應當讓孩子們接觸新思想。
2)manage v.應付,設法對付;管理;能解決;manage to do設法做成
We need people who are good atmanaging.
我們需要擅長(cháng)管理的人。
Hemanaged tosend thetourists to the airport in time.
他設法把游客及時(shí)送到機場(chǎng)。
Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are notmanagedcarefully.
如果掌控小帆船不夠小心,它們在水中就容易翻。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】“the+比較級,the+比較級”,表示“越……越……”。如:
The morewe get together,thehappierwe’ll be.
我們越是多聚會(huì ), 我們越快樂(lè )。
The longershe worked at it,the moreenthusiasticshe became.
她越干越來(lái)勁。
3.She found that kids praised for“trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely totake ondifficult assignments than those praised for being“smart”.
【句式翻譯】她發(fā)現因為努力被表?yè)P的孩子比因為聰明被表?yè)P的孩子在考試中表現得更好,更愿意承擔困難的任務(wù)。
【句式分析】本句含有一個(gè)than引導的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】take on 承擔;呈現
He is always ready totake onheavy responsibilities.
他一向樂(lè )于挑重擔。
The chameleon cantake on the colourof its background.
變色龍可呈現出與其背景相同的顏色。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】當我們要對兩個(gè)人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),就采用比較級,比較級的構成:形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+比較成分,意思是:“更……些”或“較……”。Deeds arebetter thanwords when people are inneed of help.
當別人需要幫助時(shí),行動(dòng)勝于語(yǔ)言。
In a word, practice isfarmore important thanbook knowledge.
一句話(huà),實(shí)踐遠比書(shū)本知識重要。
4.Perhaps more importantly, the better you are atmanaging the time youdevoteto yourstudies, the more time you will have tospend onyour outside interests.
【句式翻譯】也許更重要的是,你越善于管理你的學(xué)習時(shí)間,你就會(huì )有更多的時(shí)間用在你課外的興趣上。
【句式分析】本句含有“the+比較級,the+比較級”的句式,同時(shí)含有兩個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,分別修飾先行詞the time和the more time。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1)devote vt.獻身;專(zhuān)心于;常接time/money/energy/life/oneself作賓語(yǔ),構成短語(yǔ)be devoted to=devote oneself to獻身于,致力于;to為介詞,后面接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)名詞。
Lang Langdevoted a lot oftime to playingthe piano even when he was a little child. 郎朗小時(shí)候就把很多時(shí)間都用來(lái)彈鋼琴。
After her marriage, the singer couldn’tdevote herself totally toher music. 結婚之后這個(gè)歌手無(wú)法全力傾注于音樂(lè )。
2)spendsome money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth表示“花費(時(shí)間、金錢(qián)等)做某事”,其中的介詞in可以省略。
Every day, most of the students in this schoolspend three hours ontheir homework. 這所學(xué)校大多數學(xué)生每天花三個(gè)小時(shí)做家庭作業(yè)。
It is bad for children tospend a lot of time playingcomputer games. 用很多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲對孩子是有害的。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】“the+比較級,the+比較級”,表示“越……越……”,具體用法第2句。
5.He worked there through his school and university yearsuntil 1942, a year after he hadgaineda Master’s degree at university in chemistry.
【句式翻譯】他讀中學(xué)和大學(xué)的那段時(shí)間都在那里工作,一直到1942年,也就是他在大學(xué)里獲得化學(xué)碩士學(xué)位后的那一年。
【句式分析】本句含有一個(gè)after引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中運用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】gain vt.(經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得,取得
Wegainknowledge by practicingagain and again.
我們從反復訓練中獲取知識。
They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough togaina place at university.
他們認識到僅僅通過(guò)這個(gè)考試,并不能確保在大學(xué)獲得一席之位。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構成:had done,表示“過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間可用by, before, after等構成的短語(yǔ),也可用when, before等引導的從句或通過(guò)上下文表示。如:
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift hehad long expected.
當她終于收到她盼望已久的禮物時(shí),她興奮得兩眼閃光。
By the time he was twelve, Edisonhad begunto make a living byhimself.
12歲時(shí),愛(ài)迪生就開(kāi)始自己謀生。
6. By the end of the century, we will have discoveredother places in our solar systemsuitablefor living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.【句式翻譯】到本世紀末,我們將會(huì )在太陽(yáng)系中發(fā)現其他適合人類(lèi)居住的星球,并將發(fā)現進(jìn)行更遠空間探索的方法。
【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞and連接的復合句,句中運用了將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】suitable adj.合適的,適當的;構成短語(yǔ):be suitable for適合……
They don’t think this article issuitablefor publication.
他們認為這篇文章不宜發(fā)表。
John wanted to change over to a moresuitablejob.
約翰想換一個(gè)更加適合的工作。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】將來(lái)完成時(shí)的構成:will/shall have done,表示“到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作”。常與by + 將來(lái)時(shí)間,before+將來(lái)時(shí)間和by the time 引導的表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的從句連用。如:
Hewill have finishedwritinghis novel by the end of next year.
到明年年底他就會(huì )寫(xiě)完他的小說(shuō)了。
When we get there,she’ll have gonetowork.
我們到那里時(shí)她會(huì )已上班去了。
7. In today’s world, winners arecelebratedand treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapycontinue toaffectthe outcomes ofmajor sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.
【句式翻譯】在當今世界,人們祝賀獲勝者,并把他們看作英雄,但如果服用興奮劑和基因治療繼續影響著(zhù)主要體育項目的成績(jì)的話(huà),“英雄”就失去了它的全部意義。
【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞but連接的復合句,第二個(gè)分句運用了將來(lái)完成時(shí),同時(shí),包含有一個(gè)if引導的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) celebrate vt.慶祝
The whole citycelebratedthe New Year with fireworks.
全城放焰火來(lái)慶祝新年。
2) affect vt.影響,感動(dòng)
I told him firmly that his opinion will notaffectmy decision.
我堅定的告訴他,他的觀(guān)點(diǎn)不會(huì )影響我的決定。
The audience present was deeplyaffectedby his speech.
在場(chǎng)的聽(tīng)眾都被他的演講深深地打動(dòng)了。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】將來(lái)完成時(shí), 具體用法第6句。
8.One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time wasattemptingto rebuild the Roman Empire.
【句式翻譯】歷史上有記載的最早的傳染病之一發(fā)生在公元500-550年,當時(shí)的羅馬皇帝正在試圖重建羅馬帝國。
【句式分析】本句包含一個(gè)when引導的限制性定語(yǔ)從句,從句中運用了過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】attempt v.& n.嘗試,試圖
William attempted to find the solution to the problem.
威廉試圖找到問(wèn)題的解決辦法。
He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.
他在試圖游到對岸去時(shí)差一點(diǎn)被淹死。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構成:was/were doing,表示“過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作”。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如:
What was he writing all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在寫(xiě)什么?
My brother fell while hewas ridinghis bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥騎自行車(chē)的時(shí)候從車(chē)上摔下來(lái)受傷了。
9. The last few years have seen environmentaldisasterson a grand scale, andexperts are predicting far worse to come.
【句式翻譯】最近的幾年里,人們見(jiàn)證了大規模的環(huán)境災難,專(zhuān)家們預測更為嚴重的災難即將發(fā)生。
【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞and連接的復合句,第一個(gè)分句運用了現在完成時(shí)。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】on a grand scale大規模地,大張旗鼓地
We should popularize scienceona grand scale.
我們應該大規模普及科學(xué)。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】現在完成時(shí)的構成:has/have done,常表示“某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對現在有影響”,也可表示“持續到現在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):for或since引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及before, until now, up till now,so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如:
Wehave bookeda roomfor today and tomorrow.
我們已經(jīng)預訂了今天和明天的房間。
The househas been emptyfor ages.
這幢房子已經(jīng)空了相當長(cháng)時(shí)間了。(現在仍空著(zhù))
10. In the last few decades, scientists havereachedconsensusand reported that human beings are causing changes inthe Earth’s climate -- something previously seen asbeyondour control.
【句式翻譯】最近幾十年,科學(xué)家們達成共識并報道說(shuō),人類(lèi)正在引起地球的氣候變化—而這在以前看來(lái)是我們不能控制的。
【句式分析】本句是復合句,含有一個(gè)that引導的賓語(yǔ)從句,主句中運用了現在完成時(shí)。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) reach (a) consensus 達成共識,達成一致意見(jiàn)
It is very difficult for them toreach a consensuson this issue.
他們在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上很難取得一致意見(jiàn)。
2) beyond prep. 超過(guò);越過(guò);在…較遠的一邊
The delay was caused by heavy weather and wasbeyond our control.
延遲是由惡劣天氣造成的,我們無(wú)法控制。
The beauty of the scene wasbeyond compare.
景色之美無(wú)與倫比。
Linda always wondered what wasbeyond the horizon.
琳達總是納悶著(zhù)地平線(xiàn)的那一邊是什么。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】現在完成時(shí),具體用法第10句。
11. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites havealso beendevelopedand in thelast five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings andabout the same number from snakebites.
【句式翻譯】治療水母刺傷和毒蛇咬傷方法也已經(jīng)研制成功,在過(guò)去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺傷,這與被蛇咬傷致死的人數大體相同。
【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞and連接的復合句,第一個(gè)分句運用了現在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】develop v.開(kāi)發(fā),發(fā)展,研制(新產(chǎn)品)
Over the last few years tourism here hasdevelopedconsiderably.
在過(guò)去幾年里,這里的旅游業(yè)獲得了相當大的發(fā)展。
The two companies have teamed up todevelopa new racing car.
那兩個(gè)公司已合作研制新型賽車(chē)。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】現在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結構就是現在完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結構的疊合,即:has/havebeen done,表示“過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現在有影響或持續到現在,并且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系”。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):for或since引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及before, until now, up till now,so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如:
The office looks nice. Ithas just been cleaned.
辦公室看起來(lái)很干凈。它剛被打掃過(guò)。
The machinehas been repairedfor two hours.
這臺機器已修了兩小時(shí)了。
12. Adverts are not only made and paid for bybusiness, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish toinformor educate the public. 廣告不僅【句式翻譯】廣告可由商家付費制作,也可以由想給公眾傳達某種信息或教育公眾的個(gè)人、組織或協(xié)會(huì )來(lái)出資制作。
【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞not only…but also連接的復合句,第一個(gè)分句運用了一般現在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】inform vt.通知,告知;構成短語(yǔ):inform sb of sth通知某人某事
I shallinform yousoonofthe date of my arrival.
我將把我到達的日期通知你。
I regret toinform you thatI am unable to help you.
我遺憾地告訴你我沒(méi)法幫助你。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】一般現在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構成:is/are done。表示“現在經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動(dòng)作,并且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系”。
A lot of foodis wastedeveryyear.
每年浪費掉很多食物。
Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gasesare sent intothe air with the smoke. 數百萬(wàn)噸的廢氣和毒氣隨著(zhù)煙塵散發(fā)到空中。
13. Margaret,marriedwith two small children, has been working for the last seven years as anight cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.
【句式翻譯】瑪格麗特,已婚,帶著(zhù)兩個(gè)孩子,七年來(lái)一直在做清潔工,晚上給一座大樓里的辦公室打掃衛生。
【句式分析】本句是簡(jiǎn)單句,運用了現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),包含有兩個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ),marriedwith…在句中作后置定語(yǔ),cleaning offices作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】marry v. (使)結婚;嫁;娶
Because of her beauty, she has managed tomarryabove her.
由于貌美,她得以嫁給一個(gè)地位比她高的人。
I'm sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted tomarry you.
我相信杰克說(shuō)想娶你是真心的。
Theygot married toeachother against their parents’ wishes.
他倆的結合違背了各自父母的愿望。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構成:has/have been doing。表示“一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始,延續到現在,并且還有可能持續下去”。如:
Youhave been sittingin front of that computer too long.
你在電腦前坐的時(shí)間太長(cháng)了。
No wonder he is so tired. Hehas been workingall day.
難怪他這么累,他工作一天了。
14.Ever since they were first put on the market in theearly 1990s, genetically modified (GM 轉基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed inmany countries in the world, mainly on thebasisof their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.
【句式翻譯】自從二十世紀九十年代早期首次投入市場(chǎng)以來(lái),轉基因食物就不斷地在很多國家開(kāi)發(fā)和銷(xiāo)售,主要是基于想要結束世界糧食危機。
【句式分析】本句是一個(gè)含有since引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復合句,have been developed and marketed…是現在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】basis n. 基礎;構成短語(yǔ):on the basis of 以……為基礎
Don’t evaluate a persononthe basis ofappearance.
不要以相貌取人。
Mr. Smith goes to the gymona regular basis.
史密斯先生定期去健身房。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】現在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),具體用法第11句。
15.At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front rowandlistening tothe great professorWillard talking about the future of my brain.
【句式翻譯】星期六上午九點(diǎn)鐘,我將會(huì )坐在前排,聆聽(tīng)偉大的威拉德教授談?wù)摯竽X的未來(lái)發(fā)展。
【句式分析】本句是簡(jiǎn)單句,運用了將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),含有一個(gè)復合賓語(yǔ)的結構,talkingabout…在句中作賓補。
【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】listen vi. 聽(tīng)(后面常接介詞to)
Whatever you said, he simply wouldn’tlisten.
你怎么說(shuō)他也不聽(tīng).
We’re going tolisten toareport this afternoon.
今天下午我們要去聽(tīng)報告。
【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的構成:will be doing,表示“將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示要在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始,并繼續下去的動(dòng)作”。常用延續性動(dòng)詞,常用來(lái)表示禮貌的詢(xún)問(wèn)、請求等。如:
The ministerwill be givinga speech on international affairs.
部長(cháng)將就國際事務(wù)發(fā)表演講。
Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I’ll be havingmy classes then.