иԇ(xi)̎עԄeQ(chng)^
2014-12-25 16:19:25W(xu)W(wng)
S㷭_(ki)һӢĈһ廨T(mn)V͕(hu )l(f)Fsupervisor(^I(lng))ԭ(li)foreman workman‘s compensation(r)׃worker‘s compensation sales rep sales associateseller(N(xio)T)ȡ˳~salesmanPߌP(gun)YӢZ(y)W(xu)߅Ոעxõ(g)eעxRosalie Maggio(xi)The Nonselist Word Finder A Dictionary of Gender-Free Usage (Maggio 1989)
1.MͨԴ~he_ָһ(g)r(sh)ҪOʹ֮ԸZ(y)ҪxQʽ
1) Ï͔ʽ
Sexist When bathing a baby never leave him unattended.
Revised When bathing babies never leave them unattended.
o냺ϴr(sh)һo(w)
2) weusourČ(xi)ԭ䣺
SexistFrom each according to his abilities to each according to his needs.
RevisedFrom each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs.
M
3) õڶ˷Q(chng)
Sexist: No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent.
Revised: You don‘t know what your true character is until you have run out of gas purchased something on the ! installment plan and raised an adolescent.
ֻЮ܇(ch)ùҎʽُ͓Bһ(g)ӕr(sh)˵ı(li)ƷԲŕ(hu )@¶(li)
4)ñ(dng)Z(y)B(ti)
Sexist One who when he has the choice of two evils chooses both.
Revised One who when given the choice of two evils, chooses both.
һ(g)ڃɷN֮Ҫx̓߶x
5)ȫʡԴ~:
Sexist: What a person thinks of after he becomes a departee?
Revised What a person thinks of after becoming a departee?
һ(g)xȥ(hu )θ
6)ù~
Sexist Can a critic give his opinion of an omelet without being asked to make one
Revised Can a critic give an opinion of...
uՓhՓ嵰r(sh)yҪȥԼu
7)someone one, the one no one
Sexist He who can take advice is sometimes superior to him who can give it.
Revised Someone who can take advice is sometimes superior to the one who can give it.
ҸЕr(sh)^(gu)l(f)Ҹ
8)ʹhe and shehis and herʹõĴΔ̫
s/heHڂ(memos), l(notes), ߷ʽĽՄ֮
9)~^(gu)ͬx~Q
Sexist: To find a friend one must close one eye - to keep him, two.
Revised: To find a friend one must close one eye - to keep a friend, two.
͵ñһֻ]һֻס͵p۶]
2.MʹЩڃȵ~o(w)Ԅeֵ֮~(gender-free words),
: child teacher officer()people worker, immigrant(),voter(ͶƱx), coach(̾)church member(), sale rep(N(xio)T)grand parent(⣯游ĸ)leader evening student, employee (͆T)testee(ԇ)engineercustomers(), dealer()clerk(TkT)civilian(ƽ)scientist, operator(Ӿ(xin)TkT)patriot((i))person, planner(߄Ӌ) politician(), producer(a(chn)) tutor(ͥ̎,[])reporterwriterchief executive(ϯL(chng))everybody, expert.
3ָԻŮMͬx~x~Q-girl, -woman, -wife, -manY~
磺
calendar girl(·ϵŮ)-calendar model vģ
call girl(Ů)--prostituteŮ
cover girl(s־Ů)--cover modelģ
flag girl(Ů˾)--flag bearer˾,T
flower girl(u(mi)Ů)--flower selleru(mi)
housewife(ͥD)--house worker(҄(w))
midwife()--birth attendant(a(chn)ʿ)
showgirl(Ů,Ů)--dancer()
chairman(ϯ)--chair, head(ϯ^^)
ring man(ـِR)--bettor gambler(ـR,****)
seaman(Tˮ)--sailor navigator mariner pilot, captain ˮTI(lng)TL(chng)
spokesman (l(f)) -speaker; representative, voice; press agent l(f)
helper
4.(xi)ŕr(sh)֪˵ԄeòҪʹÂyDear Sir Dear Gentleman Dear Madam. x֮һ
1) Dear friends of the library(H(i)ĈD(sh)^т)
2) Dear Madams and Sirs(H(i)Ůʿ)
3) Dear Personnel Officer(H(i)̎L(chng))
4) Dear Committee Member(H(i)ίT)
5) Dear Citizen(H(i)Ĺ)
6) Dear Customer(H(i))
7) Dear Councilor(H(i)ąhT(wn))
8) Dear Agent(H(i)Ĵk)
9) Dear Director(H(i)ďS(chng)L(chng)L(chng))
5.Múͨ~man; menZ(y)ò̎kɹx:
1)ֱZ(y)M(jn)x
Sexist W. Phillips said: "The best use of laws is to teach people to trample bed laws under their feet."
Revised W. Phillips suggested that the best use of law is to teach people to trample bad ones under their feet.
W?˹f(shu)“ʹɵkǽ̌˂Ѳõķɲ_”
2)ʹ(ԭ)xRԭеmanʹõòǡ:
w. Phillips said “The best used laws is to teach men to trample bad ones under their feet.”
3)Z(y)Ҳֻеһ磺
W. Phillips said the best use of laws was to teach people "to trample bad laws under their feet”
҂ٝͬRosalie MaggiovԒ(hu)
“It is also necessary to acknowledge that there can be no solution to the problem of sexism in society on the level of language alone. Using the word secretary inclusively, for example, does not change the fact that only 1.6% of American secretaries are men. Using director instead of directress does not mean a woman will necessarily enjoy the same opportunities today a man might.