專(zhuān)家談應對上海高考英語(yǔ)新變化

　　去年英語(yǔ)高考詞匯上的新變化，明顯對語(yǔ)言應用能力提出了更高要求，必須多加注意——

　　去年高考英語(yǔ)， 詞匯的應用發(fā)生了變化， 原本的單項選擇， 改為根據語(yǔ)篇，在所給的詞中選擇適當的詞， 這樣的變化， 顯然對語(yǔ)言應用能力提出了更高要求。

　　雖然我們現在已淡化了語(yǔ)法，不過(guò)，沒(méi)有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎和足夠的詞匯量，就不可能正確使用語(yǔ)言。如果說(shuō)語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習像建造高樓大廈，那么，詞匯就相當于磚瓦，語(yǔ)法則如同水泥，只有合理地結合或組合，才能建造出美麗堅固的高樓大廈。

　　就現階段而言，應該重視單詞的背誦和詞匯的記憶——盡管這是一件非�？菰锏氖�。高考詞匯手冊要天天背，同時(shí)要把高中階段的語(yǔ)法完整地復習一遍，因為高一、高二所學(xué)的內容，隨著(zhù)時(shí)間的推移可能有遺忘，現在需要鞏固、提高。

　　當你有了語(yǔ)法和詞匯基本的知識，接下來(lái)則是如何具體練習，下面從高考試卷中的語(yǔ)法選擇題進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要分析

　　1、語(yǔ)法選擇題(Choices: Grammar)

　　在語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習中，比較重要的一部分是非謂語(yǔ)，它在高考中占的比率較大，其次是復句。語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習還要排除干擾項對語(yǔ)言運用的影響。

　　(1)非謂語(yǔ)的學(xué)習要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；——即：主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)；完成、進(jìn)行;

　　a. The book is said to have been translated (translate) into several languages。(完成，被動(dòng))

　　b. Being watched (watch) by a large audience, she felt nervous。(被動(dòng)，進(jìn)行)

　　c. Being exposed (expose) to the sun for a long time will do harm to your skin。(動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

　　d. He came in, his head hidden (hide) in his collar。(過(guò)去分詞)

　　(2)名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習要弄清關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系，關(guān)系副詞的功能和作用;

　　a. The reason which Mr. Smith explained to his manager for his delay in typing was that he was ill。(which-關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ))；(that-關(guān)系代詞，引導同位語(yǔ)從句)

　　b. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what we thought was a dangerous speed。(what-關(guān)系代詞，介詞賓語(yǔ))

　　c. If a shop has chairs where women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (where——關(guān)系副詞，表地點(diǎn))

　　(3)干擾項的存在和句型結構的變化引起的語(yǔ)法錯誤; 該部分很重要，請觀(guān)察下列句子。

　　1. On hearing a great noise, Mike looked forward through the window ______(see) what happened outside the room。

　　a. to seeing　b. to see

　　c. seeing　d. saw(干擾項為through the window)

　　2. The day he was looking forward to ____ (come) at last.

　　(干擾項為he was looking forward to　定語(yǔ)從句)

　　a. come b. coming c. came

　　d. comes

　　3. Time should be made good use of __ (learn) our lesson well。

　　a. learning b. to learning

　　c. to be learning　d. to learn (句型發(fā)生變化——主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng))

　　4. Space exploration has been made ____ with the development of modern science。

　　a. possible b. it possible c. it was d. that being possible(結構變化，賓語(yǔ)提前　space exploration)

　　5. The scientists and technicians overcame a lot of difficulties ____ the personal computer。

　　a. having developing b. they had developing c. they had developed d. which has to develop'(干擾項為they had，定語(yǔ)從句)

　　交大附中 高級教師 韓立新