學(xué)習英語(yǔ)要注意語(yǔ)言知識歸納、比較

學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不是一件容易的事情,但要學(xué)得巧,效果就另當別論了。所謂“學(xué)得巧”,是指在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習中靈活運用一定的學(xué)習方法,變枯燥乏味的學(xué)習為一件快慰的事情,使我們越學(xué)越想學(xué),越學(xué)越覺(jué)得學(xué)無(wú)止境。古人云:天下無(wú)難事,只怕有心人。學(xué)英語(yǔ)就需要做個(gè)有心人,需要在學(xué)習過(guò)程中隨時(shí)不忘收集語(yǔ)言信息,經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)期再對所收集的信息進(jìn)行加工處理。對所學(xué)的知識進(jìn)行再學(xué)習,再認識,從而達到我們學(xué)習英語(yǔ)的目標――掌握英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言規律和提高我們正確使用英語(yǔ)的能力。下面就一些語(yǔ)言現象進(jìn)行歸納,比較及辨析:

一、區分英語(yǔ)中的“看”和漢語(yǔ)中的“看”

1．請看黑板。Please look at the blackboard．

2．看那里,我想什么東西燒著(zhù)了。Look over There．I Think something is burning．

3．他不能看見(jiàn)人群,因為他是瞎子。He cannot see the crowd for he is blind．

4．我看見(jiàn)這個(gè)盒子是空的。I saw that the box was empty．

注:look,表示“看”或“瞧”,強調將視線(xiàn)集中在某物上,不表明是否看清楚或看見(jiàn)什么;see,表示“看見(jiàn)”或“看到”,是指視力范圍內能看見(jiàn)的人或物,強調看見(jiàn)了。

5．她一直注視著(zhù)火車(chē),直到看不見(jiàn)為止。She watched the train till it disappeared from sight．

6．你是參加玩呢,還是僅僅旁觀(guān)？Are you going to play or only watch？

7．我媽媽每晚都看電視。My mother watches TV every evening．

8．上周我就看過(guò)這部電影了。I saw the film last week．

注:watch,表示“觀(guān)看”或“注視”,多表示極有興趣地用眼睛注視著(zhù)活動(dòng)的人和物。英語(yǔ)中看電影、戲劇習慣用see;而看電視,球賽用watch。

9．他親眼看見(jiàn)這次車(chē)禍。He witnessed the accident himself．

10．他親眼目睹了那場(chǎng)戰斗。He witnessed the battle．

注:witness，表示“目睹”或“目擊”,表示聚精會(huì )神地注視他人或某事件的全過(guò)程。

11．他在看書(shū),別去打優(yōu)他。He was reading a book．Don’t bother him．

12．啟動(dòng)微機前請看說(shuō)明書(shū)。Read the instructions before you start the computer．

注:read,“看書(shū),看報”等的看,表示不僅看,而且要理解所看的內容。

二、比較英語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)易混淆的“受傷”

1．That soldier was wounded in the battle．那個(gè)戰士在戰斗中受傷了。

2．Six people injured when the big tree fell．大樹(shù)倒了,傷了六個(gè)人。

3．She slipped and hurt her knee．她滑倒了,摔傷了膝蓋。注:從以上三個(gè)例句我們可以看出“hurt”受傷的程度不如“wound”和“injure”;而“injure”著(zhù)重于“意外”地受傷。

4．He felt wounded in his honour．他感到他的榮譽(yù)受到了傷害。

5．His reputation will be badly injured by these vicious rumours．這些惡毒的謠言會(huì )嚴重損害他的名譽(yù)。

6．A lot of companies will be hurt by these new tax laws．很多公司會(huì )受到這些新稅法的損害。

注:通過(guò)4、5、6例句,表明“wound／injure／hurt”除了能表示身體上的“受傷”而且還能指“精神上”的“受傷”。

7．The cat scratched my younger sister．貓抓傷了我的小妹妹。

8．I scratched the side of the car as I was driving through the gate．我開(kāi)車(chē)進(jìn)大門(mén)時(shí),把汽車(chē)外皮擦傷了。

9．There is a lot of blood on his finger．He cut it on a piece of metal．他的手指被塊金屬片割傷了,流了好多血。

三、加深理解非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同時(shí)態(tài)在句中的用法

1．These reptiles are thought to live among rocks．People think that these reptiles live among rocks．

2．Some dinosaurs are thought to have lived in swamps．People think that some dinosaurs lived in swamps．

注:通過(guò)例句1和2各句的轉換可以得知“to live”表示現在的情況;“to have lived”表示過(guò)去的情況。

3．When you have used the paper cups once，you throw them away．Having used the paper cups once，you throw them away．

注:在例句3中用現在分詞的完成式替換了“when”引導的從句。用分詞的完成式來(lái)說(shuō)明“use”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“Throw”之前。

4．The bridge which is being built across the river is not a suspension bridge．The bridge being built across the river is not a suspension bridge．

注:在例句4中用現在分詞的被動(dòng)形式替換了“which”導引的定語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明現在分詞“being built”的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

5．The problem which will be discussed is what laser is. The problem to be discussed is what laser is.

注:在例句5中用不定式的一般式替換了“which”引導的定語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明不定式“to be discussed ”的動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。通過(guò)上面的例子,筆者是想說(shuō)明,只要在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習中能自覺(jué)地運用歸納,比較及辨析的方法,就能鞏固所學(xué)的知識,達到靈活運用的目的。