2020高考英語(yǔ)高頻考點(diǎn)——細節理解題巧突破

　　2020高考即將開(kāi)戰，你準備好了嗎？高考網(wǎng)小編為各位考生整理了一些高頻考點(diǎn)，供大家參考閱讀！

　　考點(diǎn)1

　　直接細節題

　　直接細節題也就是事實(shí)認定類(lèi)細節題，該題型是指原文中提到了某個(gè)（些）人、事物、現象或者理論，題干針對原文具體內容提問(wèn)。此類(lèi)題目大部分都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，做這類(lèi)題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著(zhù)問(wèn)題快速閱讀短文，找出與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對比，找出答案。此類(lèi)題目相對簡(jiǎn)單，只要考生認真細心，得分比較容易。此類(lèi)題目常用when, where, what, why, which, who, how等疑問(wèn)詞引出問(wèn)題。如：

　　Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?

　　Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?

　　When can you see a play in Hebrew?

　　What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Light Tour?

　　Who made a great contribution to the civil\|rights movement in the U.S.?

　　Which flight did the women put Peter on first?

　　【典例1】

　�。�2017·全國卷Ⅱ·A篇）...National Theatre of China    Beijing | Chinese

　　This great occasion(盛會(huì ))will be the National Theatre of China  is first visit to the UK.The companyis productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeareis Richard Ⅲ will be directed by the Nationalis Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.

　　Date & Time: Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pm

　　Marjanishvili TheatreTbilisi | Georgian

　　...

　　Date & Time: Friday 18 May, 2.30 pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pm

　　Deafinitely Theatre    London | British Sign Language(BSL)

　　...

　　Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm

　　Habima National Theatre   Tel Aviv | Hebrew

　　The Habima is the centre of Hebrew\|language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare is The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm

　　21.Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?

　　A. Richard Ⅲ.       B. Loveis Labouris Lost.

　　C. As You Like It.   D. The Merchant of Venice.

　　23.When can you see a play in Hebrew?

　　A. On Saturday 28 April.      B. On Sunday 29 April.

　　C. On Tuesday 22 May.       D. On Tuesday 29 May.

　　【解析】選段屬于廣告類(lèi)應用文，此類(lèi)文章多設置以獲取信息為主的細節理解題，即考查考生對廣告信息的快速捕捉、對比分析和概括能力。上面兩道題均針對文章中的事實(shí)細節進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，屬于直接信息題。解題時(shí)首先鎖定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息，然后采用定位法，運用略讀和查讀的技巧在文中快速定位答案。

　　21.根據題干中的"the National Theatre of China"可將答案定位于National Theatre of China部分中的"Shakespeare is Richard Ⅲ"，故選A項。

　　23.根據題干中的"in Hebrew"可將答案定位于Habima National Theatre部分，根據"Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm"可知，觀(guān)眾可以在5月29日星期二看用希伯來(lái)語(yǔ)表演的戲劇。A、B、C三項張冠李戴，A、B兩項是National Theatre of China的戲劇演出時(shí)間安排,C項是Deafinitely Theatre的戲劇演出時(shí)間安排。21.A; 23.D。

　　【技巧點(diǎn)撥】利用平行結構可快速定位信息。本文每一則廣告中的信息和位置有一致性和對應性，只要看清一則廣告中信息呈現的先后順序，其他幾則廣告中信息的呈現順序也就明白了。讀完題干后就可以根據這一特征快速地查找所需要的信息。如看完第23題題干后，先去每則廣告的第一行查找"Hebrew"，再到這則廣告的最后一行查找對應的日期，就能快速解題。

　　【典例2】

　�。�2017·浙江卷·B篇）...How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime？Watch TV.    ...

　　26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day？

　　A. 7 hours. B. 8 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 18 hours.

　　【解析】題干中的關(guān)鍵信息是11-year-olds和need。根據選段中的"For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的)"可知，11歲的孩子屬于學(xué)齡兒童這一范圍，所以每天需要睡10個(gè)小時(shí)。根據選段可知，成人需要的睡眠時(shí)間是大約8個(gè)小時(shí)，嬰兒每天睡大約18個(gè)小時(shí)，國家睡眠基金會(huì )調查發(fā)現35%的10至12歲的孩子每天只睡7個(gè)或8個(gè)小時(shí)。C。

　　考點(diǎn)2

　　綜合細節題

　　綜合細節題一般需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)意上的轉換，兩者存在表達上的差異，有時(shí)需要綜合利用多處信息并對相關(guān)信息整合后進(jìn)一步甄別才能得出答案。綜合細節題主要涉及語(yǔ)意轉化題和數字計算題。

　　【典例3】

　�。�2017·全國卷Ⅰ·B篇）I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.

　　I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(貓頭鷹) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.

　　I examined the chick(雛鳥(niǎo))and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but  no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree

　　....

　　25.Why was the author called to Muttontown?

　　A. To rescue a woman.     B. To take care of a woman.

　　C. To look at a baby owl.    D. To cure a young owl.

　　【解析】根據第二段中的"I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(貓頭鷹) on the ground"可知，這位女士給作者打電話(huà)是為了讓作者去救助一只貓頭鷹雛鳥(niǎo)。短文中沒(méi)有信息支撐選項Ａ、B，故可排除；根據第三段的第一句"I examined the chick(雛鳥(niǎo))and it seemed fine"可知這只貓頭鷹雛鳥(niǎo)并未受傷，故可排除D。C。

　　【誤區警示】本題的得分率很低，很多考生先入為主，看到文章第一段中的"Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking"，且在做本題時(shí)又沒(méi)有精讀具體細節，潛意識里認為作者的工作是救助受傷的小生物，從而誤選D項，這是典型的主觀(guān)臆斷錯誤。

　　【典例4】

　�。�2017·全國卷Ⅲ·B篇）...The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary\|eyed audience wanting to say good\|bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.    ...

　　25.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?

　　A. It was an all\|time classic.

　　B. It was about the history of the town.

　　C. The audience requested it.

　　D. The theater owner found it suitable.

　　【解析】根據選段中的"Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate"可知，放映電影The Last Picture Show是因為影院老板認為它比較合適。原文中的appropriate和選項D中的suitable為同義詞，意為"合適的"。A項表示它一直是一部經(jīng)典電影，但是這不是選擇它的原因；B項顛倒是非，這部電影以一個(gè)小鎮為背景，這個(gè)鎮上的唯一的電影院即將關(guān)門(mén)，而并不是關(guān)于小鎮的歷史的；C選項無(wú)中生有，選段中沒(méi)有提及，而且文章說(shuō)的是影院老板選擇了這部電影。D。

　　【典例5】

　�。�2017·全國卷Ⅰ·C篇）Some of the world?s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(聯(lián)合)voice across cultures.    ...

　　28.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?

　　A. To remember the birth of jazz.

　　B. To protect cultural diversity.

　　C. To encourage people to study music.

　　D. To recognize the value of jazz.

　　【解析】根據選段中的"...set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (聯(lián)合)voice across cultures"可知，把4月30日定為國際爵士樂(lè )日，目的是提高（人們）對爵士樂(lè )及其重要性的認識，同時(shí)還有其在跨文化交際方面的潛質(zhì)。原文中的"raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential"和選項D中的"recognize the value of jazz"語(yǔ)意相同，故選D。A項"紀念爵士樂(lè )的誕生"、B項"保護文化的多樣性"和C項"鼓勵人們學(xué)習音樂(lè )"三個(gè)選項都是無(wú)中生有，選段沒(méi)有提及，切勿主觀(guān)臆斷。D。

　　【規律總結】綜合細節題干擾項的特點(diǎn)：

　�。�1）杜撰事實(shí)，無(wú)中生有（如調研5中選項A、B、C）。文中沒(méi)有提到任何相關(guān)信息，是命題人故意設置的干擾項。

　�。�2）偷梁換柱，以假亂真。采用原文中的句式和大部分詞匯，但換了個(gè)別詞，改變了原意或范圍。

　�。�3）半真半假，虛虛實(shí)實(shí)。干擾項與原文相關(guān)細節部分相同，部分相悖。

　�。�4）文不對題，濫竽充數。干擾項是文中的事實(shí)細節，但與題干要求不符。

　　正確選項有以下特征：

　　(1)用同義詞或近義詞替換原文中的關(guān)鍵詞。如調研4中的appropriate和suitable。

　　(2)詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)有所變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或改變原文中句子的語(yǔ)態(tài)，主要是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉換。

　　(3)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復雜語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化或概括，然后設置為答案。

　　(4)正話(huà)反說(shuō)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達。

　　【典例6】

　�。�2017·北京卷·B篇）young minds!TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of childrenis publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month....SUBSCRIBE NOW

　　□Annual Subscription

　　Europe ￡55      Rest of World ￡65

　　□Annual Subscription with Gift Pack

　　Includes a Mammoth Map, a Passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription

　　Europe ￡60       Rest of World ￡70

　　Refund Policy — the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.

　　61.How much should you pay if you make a 12-month subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?

　　A. ￡55.B. ￡60.C. ￡65.D. ￡70.

　　【解析】本題直接考查數字信息。由題干中的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)12-month, with gift pack和from China可以鎖定價(jià)格為￡70。這里利用同義詞可找出正確答案，a 12-month subscription和Annual Subscription同義，China屬于"Rest of World"。D

　　【解題技巧】數字計算類(lèi)細節題通常分為兩類(lèi)：直接考查和計算考查。對于直接考查的，應該根據原文信息確定答案；對于需要計算的，一般要求考生能根據閱讀材料中給出的相關(guān)數據，找出計算關(guān)系，通過(guò)計算，得出正確的答案。這類(lèi)計算題一般來(lái)說(shuō)比較簡(jiǎn)單，關(guān)鍵是要弄清各數據間的邏輯關(guān)系，選準計算的數據，弄清單位換算關(guān)系，確定計算方法，問(wèn)題便迎刃而解了。做題時(shí)，應該先閱讀題目，然后帶著(zhù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞去讀文章，在閱讀的同時(shí)對相關(guān)的數字、時(shí)間、年代等作出標記，以便讀完文章后能快速地運用這些信息進(jìn)行相應的計算。

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