高中英語(yǔ)完形填空解題秘訣-快來(lái)看吧
2009-09-04 17:11:26天天高中學(xué)習網(wǎng)
1. 通讀全文,掌握大意,重視首句,啟示全文
考生首先要通讀全文,了解文章的內容、中心思想及文章結構,從整體上感知全文,掌握文中時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物及事件。對于個(gè)別不理解的詞句,只要不影響理解就不要管它。
“完形填空”一般采取首句不設空的原則,其目的是使讀者進(jìn)入語(yǔ)境,以便對理解全文有重要的啟示。因此考生要重視并細讀首句,并據此來(lái)判斷文章的體裁、題材,推測全文的主旨和大意,推斷故事發(fā)生的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、氣氛等多方面的信息。如2004年全國卷I 這篇完形填空,看了首句It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics(題目),“The Art of Eating Spaghetti(意大利面條)”caught my eye.后,我們可大體上推斷,這篇文章與寫(xiě)作文“吃意大利面條”有關(guān),這樣對于我們理解全文起到了很關(guān)鍵的作用。
2. 瞻前顧后,通篇考慮,緊扣文章,結合語(yǔ)法
了解了文章的主旨大意后,我們就可以聯(lián)系上下文,瞻前顧后,運用邏輯思維對選項進(jìn)行分析、比較、判斷,選出符合邏輯及情理的選項。選題時(shí)可嘗試從以下幾個(gè)方面考慮:
。1)上下文語(yǔ)境角度考慮
上下文語(yǔ)境包括選擇項與所在句子中的語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系,所在句與周?chē)淙旱年P(guān)系,所在句在本段中所起的作用,所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及與文章主題思想的關(guān)系等。
例 (2004全國II) 完形填空片斷:(保留原題號,下同)
Tracy Wong is a well-known Chinese American writer. But her writing 36 was something she picked up by herself. After her first 37 , teaching disabled children, she became a part-time writer for IBM. 38 , writing stories was simply a 39 interest.
36. A. skill B. experience
C. practice D. method
【解析】答案A。本題考查詞義及搭配能力。她的寫(xiě)作技巧是她自己練出來(lái)的。pick up a skill 是練成/學(xué)會(huì )的一種技能,從搭配上看合理。
37. A. duty B. effort
C. job D. task
【解析】答案C。此題考查上下文語(yǔ)境的判斷能力?蘸蟮膖eaching disabled children 是前面內容的同位語(yǔ),教殘疾兒童是一種工作,且后文“part-time writer”(業(yè)余作家),也說(shuō)明她有一份工作。
38. A. Instead B. Normally
C. Certainly D. Then
【解析】答案D。結合上下文根據詞義,可知答案為D, Then 意為“在當時(shí)”。
39. A. general B. deep
C. personal D. lively
【解析】答案C。全句意為:在當時(shí),寫(xiě)作不過(guò)是她的一項個(gè)人興趣(不是工作或謀生的手段)。
。2)從詞匯意義及用法的角度考慮
例 (2004 浙江)完形填空片斷
“It was all his own idea,”says Pat, the wife of California high school football coach Bob Peters. Bob had 36 made a “motherhood contract”- declaring that for 70 days this summer he would 37 the care of their four children and all the housework. 38 he didn't even know how to make coffee when sighed, he was very confident.
36. A. only B. just
C. nearly D. ever
【解析】答案B。本題考查副詞詞義的辨析能力。有上下文知,他還沒(méi)有立即履行合同。
37. A. stick to B. set about
C. think about D. take over
【解析】答案D。本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析能力。take over 意為“接管”。
38. A. If B. As
C. Since D. Although
【解析】答案D。本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的引導詞。句意:雖然他在簽合同時(shí)連如何煮咖啡都不知,但他還是很自信。as作“盡管”講時(shí),從句部分必須是倒裝語(yǔ)序。
。3)邏輯推理、常識等角度考慮
高考完形填空往往以自身的內容提供相對完整的語(yǔ)篇信息,其間交織滲透著(zhù)各類(lèi)相關(guān)的文化背景知識和常識,當對語(yǔ)言的把握不很準確時(shí),可充分利用社會(huì )文化知識和生活常識來(lái)幫助判斷。
例 (2004 湖北)完形填空片斷
The couple called around to find a tire. No 43 .They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,”Paul said, handling Clay a 44 of keys.
43. A. way B. message
C. success D. luck
【解析】答案D。no luck 為固定短語(yǔ),意為:“運氣不好”,表示沒(méi)有找到好的車(chē)胎。
44. A. set B. number
C. pair D. chain
【解析】答案A。a set of意為“一副/套/串”,a number of 意為“許多”,a pair of意為“一雙”,chain意為“鎖鏈,鏈條”。根據生活常識,應為a set of keys(一串鑰匙)。
3. 代入答案,復讀全文,核對文意,糾正錯誤
完成選擇后,要再花一兩分鐘,把所選答案代入空格,復讀全文,核對文意,驗證詞匯、語(yǔ)法是否符合句型結構;句子是否流暢,上下文邏輯關(guān)系是否一致,全文是否緊湊且渾然一體,同時(shí)把自己認為錯誤的答案改正過(guò)來(lái)。
完形填空專(zhuān)練
A Strange Greeting, a True Feeling Last week I was invited to a doctor’s meeting at the Ruth hospital for incurables. In one of the wards a patient, an old man, got up shakily from his bed and moved towards me. I could see that he hadn't long to 1 , but he came up to me and placed his right foot close mine on the floor.
“Frank!” I cried in astonishment. He couldn’t 2 , as I knew, but all the time 3 his foot against mine.
My 4 raced back more than thirty years to the 5 days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The 6 was an air-raid shelter, in which I and about hundred other people slept every night. Two of the regulars were Mrs. West and her son Frank.
7 wartime problems, we shelter-dwellers got to 8 each other very well. Frank West 9 me because he wasn’t 10 , not even at birth. His mother told me he was 37 then, but he had 11 of a mind than a baby has. His “12” consisted of rough sounds——sounds of pleasure or anger and 13 more. Mrs. West, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman, as she had to be, of course, because Frank 14 on her entirely. He needed all the 15 of a baby.
One night a policeman came and told Mrs. West that her house had been flattened by a 500-pounder. She 16 nearly everything she owned.
When that sort of thing happened, the rest of us helped the 17 ones. So before we 18 that morning, I stood beside Frank and 19 my right foot against his. They were about the same size. That night, then, I took a pair of shoes to the shelter for frank. But as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. After that, his 20 to me was always the same.
1. A. work B. stay
C. live D. expect
2. A. answer B. speak
C. smile D. laugh
3. A. covering B. moving
C. fighting D. pressing
4. A. minds B. memories
C. thoughts D. brains
5. A. better B. dark
C. younger D. old
6. A. cave B. place
C. sight D. scene
7. A. Discussing B. Solving
C. Sharing D. Suffering
8. A. learn from B. talk to
C. help D. know
9. A. needed B. recognized
C. interested D. encouraged
10. A. normal B. common
C. unusual D. quick
11. A. more B. worse
C. fewer D. less
12. A. word B. speech
C. sentence D. language
13. A. not B. no
C. something D. nothing
14. A. fed B. kept
C. lived D. depended
15. A. attention B. control
C. treatment D. management
16. A. lost B. needed
C. destroyed D. left
17. A. troublesome B. unlucky
C. angry D. unpopular
18. A. separated B. went
C. reunited D. returned
19. A. pushed B. tried
C. showed D. measured
20.A. nodding B. greeting
C. meeting D. acting
答案與簡(jiǎn)析
1. C 上文的“incurables"表明這位老人是不治之癥患者,當然存活的時(shí)間不會(huì )太長(cháng)。
2. A
3. D 由11空白上下文暗示可知,將37歲的Frank與一個(gè)嬰兒的智力進(jìn)行比較,說(shuō)明Frank的智力肯定不正常。因先天性智力低下,他不能用語(yǔ)言回答別人的問(wèn)話(huà),但內心有一定的反應,因此一見(jiàn)到我便將右腳靠著(zhù)我的右腳以示問(wèn)候,第一節最后一句和最后一小節的上下文暗示也能說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)。
4. B Frank的這一舉動(dòng)使我的記憶一下子回到了30年前。
5. B 下文交待30年前作者的生活,當時(shí)他只能住在防空洞中,生活一定很苦,這樣的歲月當然是黑暗的歲月。
6. D 作者回憶30年前的生活,頭腦中出現了防空洞的情景。
7. C
8. D 在戰爭問(wèn)題上由于擁有共同的話(huà)題,我們這些防空洞居住者逐漸了解了對方。
9. C
10. A 一個(gè)37歲的人智力卻不正常,這一現象逐漸吸引了我的注意。
11. D 盡管Frank已經(jīng)37歲,但智力還不如一個(gè)嬰兒。
12. B
13. B 他的講話(huà)僅體現了內心的快樂(lè )和憤怒,沒(méi)有更多實(shí)在的內容。
14. D
15. A West夫人不得不強壯而又有能力,因為Frank完全依靠于她,他需要嬰兒似的全部照料。
16. A 她幾乎失去了一切。
17. B West夫人遭受這么大的損失,我們只好盡力幫助這不幸的一家人。
18. A 19. D
20. B 那天早上臨走前,我站在Frank身邊,將我的右腳靠著(zhù)Frank 的右腳以便量出他腳的大小,目的是為他買(mǎi)一雙鞋子,哪知Frank將我的這一動(dòng)作看成是問(wèn)候的表現,從此他就用這一動(dòng)作來(lái)問(wèn)候我,這就有了本文開(kāi)頭的那種情景。