每周一練:英語(yǔ)v-ing的用法
來(lái)源:智康1對1 2014-12-29 15:24:45
v-ing的用法
一、概念
1、v-ing形式的種類(lèi)功用和各種形式:V-ing 包括動(dòng)名詞和現在分詞兩種,分別可作:
主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ); (動(dòng)名詞)
定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓/主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ) (現在分詞)
注意:其否定形式是在其前邊加:not/never.
其各種形式如下表:
語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài) |
主動(dòng)形式 |
被動(dòng)形式 |
一般式 |
(not) doing |
(not) being done |
完成式 |
(not) having done |
(not) having been done |
2. V-ing形式的被動(dòng)式用法及種類(lèi)
當v-ing與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)構成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),要用其被動(dòng)式, v-ing的被動(dòng)式有兩種:一般被動(dòng)式:being done;完成被動(dòng)式:having been done; V-ing形式的被動(dòng)式包括動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)式和現在分詞的被動(dòng)式兩種。
二、知識重點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)/易錯點(diǎn)1
(一)動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式
動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ),且在句中只表被動(dòng),不表進(jìn)行。
1、作主語(yǔ)
So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鯊魚(yú)吃掉是常有的事。
Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共場(chǎng)合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在陽(yáng)光下對身體有害。
The president's being killed led to serious consequences.總統被殺導致了嚴重后果。
2、 作賓語(yǔ)
V-ing形式的被動(dòng)式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ), 也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ___________ (ask)
You can't eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having been told the story.
3、作表語(yǔ)
What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
使孩子最為擔心的是他不被允許到醫院看母親。
What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at)
The problem is for from _______________ (settle)
注意:①動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí),常用其一般式(being done),不習慣用完成式;但作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),若其動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或強調動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,可用其完成式(having been done)。如:
I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.
我很感激能被給與到國外留學(xué)的機會(huì )。
1)動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式在句中作主、賓、表時(shí),其特點(diǎn)是只表被動(dòng),不表進(jìn)行。
2)動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主、賓、表時(shí),有時(shí)可采用其復合結構形式,即:名詞所有格/形容性物主代詞+ being done。如:
Tom's being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.湯姆被大學(xué)入取讓我們很是驚訝。
The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新證據的發(fā)現導致他被捕。
。ǘ┈F在分詞的被動(dòng)式
現在分詞的被動(dòng)式常句中作賓補和定語(yǔ),一般不作狀語(yǔ)(除個(gè)別情形例外);在句中既表被動(dòng)又表進(jìn)行
1、 作賓補
現在分詞的被動(dòng)式(being done)作賓補時(shí),表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,常與感官動(dòng)詞連用。
I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.
You'll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now.
As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build)
注意:與過(guò)去分詞作賓補的區別:過(guò)去分詞作賓補表示動(dòng)作已完成.
2、作定語(yǔ)
現在分詞的被動(dòng)式(being done)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí),表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。
The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important.
He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate)on in the operating room.
注意:1)現在分詞的被動(dòng)式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作;過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作;不定式的被動(dòng)式作后置定語(yǔ)表示未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。如:
a meeting being held now 正在被舉行的會(huì )議
a meeting heldyesterday 昨天舉行的會(huì )議
a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天將舉行的會(huì )議
2)現在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式(having been done) 不能做定語(yǔ)和賓補。
The building having been built last year (×)The building built last year (√)
We found him having been killed. (×)We found him killed (√)
考點(diǎn)/易錯點(diǎn)2
現在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式(having been done) 作狀語(yǔ)
當分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)構成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且此分詞動(dòng)作(明確地)發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或持續發(fā)生一段時(shí)間(或持續發(fā)生多次)時(shí)可用現在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式(having been done) 作狀語(yǔ)。
Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.
被領(lǐng)著(zhù)參觀(guān)了教室后,我們又被帶著(zhù)參觀(guān)了實(shí)驗室。
Having been told the news, they put off the trip.
被告知此消息后,他們取消了這次旅。
Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn't recognize each other.
因戰爭而分離多年后,他們都認不出對方了。
Having been told many times, the boy still didn't know how to do it.
盡管被告知多次了,那個(gè)小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。
注意:1)若分詞有自己獨立的主語(yǔ)可構成獨立主格結構。
The work having been done,they left the office.
All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.
2)在這種獨立主格結構中,用現在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式形式與用過(guò)去分詞形式差別不大。而為了簡(jiǎn)潔,習慣采用過(guò)去分詞形式,如上面兩句常表達成:
The work done,they left the office.
All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.
注意:過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)與現在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式的區別:
二者作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),都表示與句子的主語(yǔ)構成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,區別不大,可以互換。但是在這種情況下,為了簡(jiǎn)潔,還是習慣采用過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。
Asked(=Having been asked) to work overtime,I missed a wonderful film.
由于昨晚被要求加班,我錯過(guò)了一場(chǎng)精彩的電影。
Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.
但是如果強調分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或強調分詞動(dòng)作持續發(fā)生多次發(fā)(或持續一段時(shí)間)還是習慣采用現在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式(having been done) 作狀語(yǔ),但終歸區別還是不大。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.
盡管被告訴了多次,他還是犯同樣的錯誤。
考點(diǎn)/易錯點(diǎn)3
動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義
1、在want,need,require,deserve等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。
2、在(be)worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。
His suggestion is worth considering.
3、在allow,advise,forbid,permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ),如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。如:
We don't allow smoking here. 我們不允許在這兒抽煙
We don't allow students to smoke here.我們不允許學(xué)生抽煙
三、綜合練習
。ㄒ唬┻m當形式填空
1._______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.(expose)
2.The bird ___ escaped. I didn't mind at home.(catch;leave)
3._________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.(tell)
4.________ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.(tell)
5.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.(catch)
6.________ many times, he finally understood it. (tell)
7.Your car needs ____________(fill). 你這車(chē)要充氣
This city deserves _____________(visit). 這座城市值得光顧一下。
The problem requires ___________ (study)carefully.這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要認真研究。
The trees want ___________ (water).這些樹(shù)需要澆水了。
7. ____________ (ask) to put on performance, she refused.
8. He disliked _________________ (interrupt) in his experiment .
9. _________________ (give) such a good chance, you should catch it .
10. I didn't mind __________ (leave)at home.
11. He came in without ___________ (ask).
12. __________________ (show) around the library, we were taken to see the lab.
。ǘ⿲⑾铝芯渥臃g成英語(yǔ)。
1. 他受不了別人那樣開(kāi)他的玩笑。
2. 這問(wèn)題遠遠沒(méi)有解決。
3. 沒(méi)有誰(shuí)請他做,是他自己做的。
4. 在動(dòng)手術(shù)之前你不能吃任何東西。
5. 既然已做出了決定,下個(gè)問(wèn)題就是如何制定一個(gè)好的計劃。
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