每周一練：省略

　　句子成分的省略，可分為以下幾種情況：為了使話(huà)說(shuō)得簡(jiǎn)明扼要，英語(yǔ)句子中某個(gè)單詞、短語(yǔ)甚至從句或主句都可以省去。

　　一、    狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)）

　�。ㄒ唬┤绻麖木涞闹髡Z(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句的謂語(yǔ)含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同時(shí)省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞的某種形式。

　　1、when，while引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

　　e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.

　　When/While (I was) on my way to work， I met her.

　　2、if，unless，once引導的條件狀語(yǔ)從句

　　e.g. If (it is) properly treated， waste will do no harm to the environment.

　　I'll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.

　　Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket， you will be punished.

　　3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

　　e.g. He was happy， though/although (he was) poor.

　　Whether (she is) sick or well， she is always cheerful.

　　No matter how/However hard the task (is)， we must fulfill it in time.（注：從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，只省略從句中的be動(dòng)詞形式）

　　4、as if，as though引導的方式狀語(yǔ)從句

　　e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.

　　He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作）

　�。ǘ�）than，as引導的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法：當不同的主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，一般省略從句中的謂語(yǔ)；當從句中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)（be動(dòng)詞除外）和主句中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，通常省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，只保留比較部分。

　　e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).

　　I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

　�。ㄈ�）以if從句為代表的狀語(yǔ)從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。

　　e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary， this old temple will be rebuilt.

　　If (that is) so， I will call you back at 5：00 pm.

　　There are only a few books in our school library， if (there are) any.

　　二、定語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法

　　關(guān)系詞的省略：關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom等在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當賓語(yǔ)且不位于介詞之后時(shí)，可以省略；in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可省略。

　　e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.

　　I don't like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

　　三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if及should的省略

　　1、    當條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有were，had，should等時(shí)省略if，把它們提至句首，形成倒裝句。

　　e.g. If I were a teacher， I would be strict with my students.

　　= Were I a teacher， I would be strict with my students.

　　2、    Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建議、要求、命令的動(dòng)詞后接的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用"should+動(dòng)詞原形"，should可以省略。

　　e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

　　四、不定式符號to的省略

　　1、    感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，watch等和使役動(dòng)詞have，make，let等后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式省略to。(一感feel，二聽(tīng)hear， listen to， 三讓have， let， make，四看see， look at， observe， watch)

　　2、    do nothing but，can't help but等結構常接省略to的不定式。

　　E.g. We didn't do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

　　Hearing the news， she couldn't help but cry.

　　3、    在特定語(yǔ)境中為了避免重復，當不定式再次出現時(shí)，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的動(dòng)詞。但不定式后有be，have時(shí)，也保留be和have。

　　E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college， but I didn't want to.

　　五、So和not的替代性省略

　　用于避免重復前面所說(shuō)過(guò)的內容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句�？膳cbelieve，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I'm afraid等連用

　　e.g. - Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting？ - I suppose not.

　　六、日常交際中的省略

　　在情景會(huì )話(huà)中，答語(yǔ)常常省略不會(huì )引起歧義的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)部分，而只保留對方希望了解的內容。在復合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。

　　e.g. - How many copies do you want？   -- (I want) Three copies， please.

　　-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall？  -- No， (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).
 

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